For
quite sometime now, may be about 2 months, we have been treated to what has
since come to be known as the “Temangalo Land Saga.” This in essence shows how a regime which over
stays in power can degenerate, with “the feeling of shame gone!” This is
unfortunate. For a group who ventured
into the Luwero bushes, walked over a number of innocently murdered, now known
as the “Luwero skulls,” for a cause which they disguised as national liberation
and is now clearly seen as personal financial liberation!
In
one instance, I listened to “Hon. Amama Mbabazi” explain from KFM Radio that
procurement for investment did not require the approval by the Public Procurement
and Disposal of Public Assets Authority (PPDA)!
This was news more so against the background that NSSF bought the
structure which previously housed the Ministry of Gender, and Audit reports
clearly showed that the purchase price had been inflated!
An
investigation report by the Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Assets
Authority into the NSSF’s land deal with businessman Amos Nzeyi and Security
Minister Amama Mbabazi has indicted the fund’s top management and recommended
“severe disciplinary” action against them.
PPDA Executive Director Edgar Agaba told Daily Monitor that in recommending severe disciplinary action, the Authority is seeking a “suspension” of the fund’s top managers, or a punishment “commensurate to the kind of mistakes they committed.” (The Monitor Friday 24, 2008)
PPDA Executive Director Edgar Agaba told Daily Monitor that in recommending severe disciplinary action, the Authority is seeking a “suspension” of the fund’s top managers, or a punishment “commensurate to the kind of mistakes they committed.” (The Monitor Friday 24, 2008)
The
change of the composition of the NSSF Board to have 4 workers added makes sense
in theory, but practically the four will not close the door for politicians who
at all cost will keep encroaching on this ‘Golden manna’ given to them by
virtue of the historical roles they played in the “Liberation of their
pockets.” It has been proposed that
liberalization of the Social Security Fund is the way to go. The practicability of this is the
problem. Assuming Parliament okayed the liberalization
of Social Security, it is likely that given the reputation of NSSF, many
workers would wish to opt out. If this
happened, it would be very difficult to divide the workers’ savings into the
various social fund investors, more so, where NSSF decisions have been
interfered with by politically motivated investments which are not value for
money.
The
way forward is that NSSF should remain the sole social security fund in the
country given that when the fund mobilizations are sensibly utilized, a lot of
achievements can be accomplished which would not probably call for borrowing from big financial
establishments. What can be done is to
make public all decisions of investment nature prior to implementation in the
press so that the public can debate and okay them if found to make economic
sense.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS Page
- Don’t Cry 3
- Possible Clues to the Budo Fire 3
- President Museveni does not need poverty visits 3
- The use and Discard Policy of the NRM 5
- Good Luck to all our Candidates 5
- Go forward, Dr. Lwanga 5
- Govt. Sponsorship promotes Exam Cheating 6
- The day when SMACK Re-discovered Hon. Kajura & Dr. Lubega 7
- The Min. of Education & International Languages 8
- LC’s and Legality 8
- Reflexology Practitioners & Conventional Medicine 8
- Go to the Search Engine … 8
- Oh God! “How many more need to die on our roads?” 8
- Brother Kyemwa more than a father! 9
- Mr. J. C. Kiwanuka made 89 years 11
- SMACK’s other Key Constituencies 12
- Prof. Otiti’, Uganda ’s Only Nobel prize Winner 13
- Let us not build a Katayimbwa Economy 14
- When the petrodollar cannot save Nigerians 14
- UAC call for proposals amazed me 14
- Dear Doctors, “Is AIDS; Cancer?” 15
- Oh! My blocked email (wkituuka@yahoo.com) 15
- De-congesting Kampala 15
- Cleaning the Highway leaves Kajjansi in darkness 16
- Moringa - Marketing is the problem 16
- Kiwanuka’s First House prefect Bereaved 17
- Football in Germany 17
- Bibiana Steinhaus – first female referee 18
- Major New Airport under construction 19
- Did you know that? 19
- Growing trade Highlights Food Safety 20
- Biotechnology and Food Security 20
- What is Biotechnology? 21
- How can biotechnology help the hungry 21
- Genetically Engineered Products: Many unknowns 22
1. DON’T CRY!
It
amazes me to find a parent/teacher telling a child not to cry when being
canned. I thought the idea of canning
was to inflict pain, and because it is normal that such pain inflicted is
balanced with crying/tears as the expression of pain, it disturbs to see the
one who wants to see the other party in pain demanding that the beaten victim
does not cry! Does it make sense?
2. Possible Clues to Budo Fire
If
Uganda Government is concerned about the 20 children who died in the Budo fire
and the pain inflicted parents/relatives, the way to go is to get the parents
who withdrew children prior to the fire, as chances are that they may have had
prior knowledge about the fire, hence wanted to save the lives of their
children. Secondly, parents who arrived
while the dorm was still on fire and immediately testify that two bodies of
mature men were recovered from the dorm.
These bodies MUST have been there but someone must be killing the
evidence. Just get the police who were
on duty and the parents who testify to have seen them put the bodies on the
truck. If these two cannot yield to the
clues to how the fire came about, then it may make a lot of sense to abandon
the case.
3. President Museveni does not need poverty visits
I
am always amazed whenever I hear that President Museveni is on a visit to some
district and is really touched by the poverty prevailing in the
countryside. He ought to be concerned
about the poverty because much of its intensity is directly due to the harsh
economic policies of the day, more so given
the global financial crisis.
the global financial crisis.
Finance Minister Dr Ezra Suruma told Parliament on Thursday, 23 2008 that while Uganda is not directly exposed to the risk, the crisis could lead to a reduction in money remitted by Ugandans in the Diaspora, aid flows from donor countries, and foreign direct investment into the country.
The minister’s statement came a few hours after Central Bank Governor Emmanuel Tumusiime - Mutebile told a press conference, called in the wake of the shilling’s slide against the US dollar, that the global economic woes would slow Uganda’s growth.
“We expect the recession in Europe and the US to reduce demand on our exports. This will lead to less earnings from exports, earnings from tourism are also going to be affected,” Mr Mutebile said. “Tentatively, I can say that instead of the 8 per cent growth rate, it will be in the range of 5 or 6 per cent.”
The global financial crisis, triggered by risky loans given to US borrowers and sold on across the world, has been raging for several months mainly in the developed world. Mr Mutebile told a press conference on September 24 that while there was need to be concerned, the effects on the Ugandan economy would be minimal.
The two economic chiefs, however, were forced to raise the red flag Thursday after the shilling fell steeply against the US dollar in this week’s trading. The shilling traded at Shs2,200 to the dollar by close of Wednesday before cooling down marginally yesterday to Shs2,000 after the Central Bank injected $300,000 (Shs600 million) into the market.
“There are already signs of depreciation of the shilling in the foreign exchange market,” Dr Suruma told MPs. “We are watching it very closely and will take the action necessary to encourage exports and stem inflation.”
Given
the above new development, knowing that things have not been better either for
the poor prior to this development, it should be is easier on a macro – level for
the president to help the poor people by remaining in his office and dealing
with among other things the following:
Creation of new districts/administrative
units – not only should
there be a ban on this, but actually some created districts should cease to
be. This culture of politicking is
funny, and also annoying. You get to
Kajjansi trading centre where one Town Board would be created, but because people
want to reap from politics, here are two town boards to be created in same
district one bordering the other and the dividing line is a water passage which
crosses Entebbe Highway
from the side of Uganda Clays! These
would under normal circumstances be in one Town, but trust political schemers,
we are to have two towns in what would be one town! Secondly, again under Local
Governance, time is now to trim the number of counselors on various councils
because supporting them is already to heavy a duty in financial terms to the
poor.
Oversized Parliament – we don’t need the oversized Parliament,
and the games going on now as regards the Temangalo land saga show you how the
institution is gradually losing repute!
Less than half the size of Parliament we have can deliver better and
even be better facilitated. It is in the
mandate of the President to see this a reality if he is really concerned about
the poverty.
He should do away with
Presidential advisers –
much of the work these do if at all they do anyway is supposed to be done by
the technical personnel in the Ministries.
Check corruption – if the President does not get the corrupt
investigated to the end, he may have to stomach more of what for example Bishop
Luzinda said at the burial of Dr. Sebunya. Corruption has reached stinking levels and
people can now react in ways which may even embarrass the Head of State. Prosecution should be done to the conclusive
end and not just make news that some prosecution is on and shortly after
abandoned.
The
President need to identify cadres
capable of manning critical aspects of the economy which are productive in
nature instead of sycophants we always hear about who are useless yet milk the
economy.
There is need for cutting all
tax rates across the board
– this will positively boost disposable income hence the purchasing power for
goods and services and chances are that more taxes will be realized, as well as
productivity, as high costs of virtually everything are constraining increased
economic activity.
Much has to be done to boost
agro-based industrialization. It is not clear why this is failing, as this
is one basis for export income.
4. The use and discard policy of the NRM
The
recent refusal of the Kabaka of Buganda to visit one of his counties under the
cover of ‘insecurity’ is not news. The
NRM has the practice of using and throwing to the dust bin once it has
successfully exploited a Good Samaritan.
More
than two decades now, NRM leaders seem to have forgotten that the ‘man’ they
barred from visiting his country was very useful at some moment when the
liberation war was still on, as they needed his presence to convince the people
to give the liberators support.
5. Good luck to all our
candidates
SMACKOBA
Paris-France, on the approach of the National UCE and UACE exams, wishes to
show herewith its solidarity with all members of the College community: the Headmaster, his Deputies, the Chaplain,
the teaching staff, the administrative staff, members of the regular school
personnel, and all students, in particular our beloved candidates of S IV and S
VI.
This is indeed to
assure you all of our fully committed spiritual and moral support at this very important
our. And we know very well that, our great motto DUC IN ALTUM, already playing
its part, our very prestigious college will naturally come out triumphant just
as it has always traditionally done.
Beloved
candidates, we count on you to steer to enviable success and glory Uganda ’s most celebrated senior secondary school
and one of Africa ’s top best colleges. Please,
rest assured that the Almighty Good God and Lord of all virtues and victories
will assure your success!
Warmest
regards to you all!
Dr G. H. Kkolokolo
(SMACKOBA –
Paris/France)
10.10.2008
6. Go forward, Dr Lwanga!
Dr
G.H. Kkolokolo ( Paris – France )
Much as I personally
respect others’ views on topical issues, I strongly however disagree
with anyone of those
manipulatable cheap minds, the scorn of any serious-minded
person, who have shown disapproval
of Archbishop Lwanga’s attitude and
style of approach to political issues during his sermons at Lubaga Cathedral.
Indeed, the
Archbishop as both a moral and spiritual guide is doing the right thing and he
is on the very same wavelength with his three illustrious predecessors :
Kiwanuka, Nsubuga and Wamala who too stood boldly firm whenever questions involving rights and duties arose and, just like Dr Lwanga now,
would pose as fearless spiritual leaders
to avert the faithful from
treading on any dangerous path.
One must
also understand that Dr Lwanga, as
Metropolitan Bishop in a region where
both tradition and politics are
strongly the interplay of
events, wouldn’t be wrong
in putting a finger on those questions that are solidly at heart in the minds of his faithful however much
this may
derange and disturb others if approached and treated in a manner contrary to
their way of thinking.
Likewise Dr
Lwanga, in line with his brave predecessors, has already been equally praised for
calling a spade a spade. See how he has always cautioned against insulting the
President and in addition, before a million-strong congregation at Namugongo,
he warmly expressed his gratitude
to the authorities for creating an environment conducive to freedom of worship, a liberty which enables the church to rightly
guide and counsel on any serious matters where morality and spirituality have to play
centre stage.
And in
this context the question of ever seeing Uganda succumb to a Rwanda-like
situation, as some naïve persons wrongly
observe, is just an eye-wash, for, in spite of the turmoil the nation has often
gone through due to political greed, any
vengeful scenario, like a
planned systematic mass-scale
genocide, has never appealed to people’s sentiments and will never do so,
thanks to the role played by religion as a guiding politico-moral factor, a
thing the Archbishop’s well-received sermons wisely aim at and strongly adhere
to.
7. Govt. Sponsorship promotes Exam Cheating!
If
Government removes the Government sponsorship at higher levels of learning, you
can be sure that cheating to pass exams will greatly have been fought!
The
driving force to cheat exams is that even with what traditionally were good
grades to take one to the University for a good course and at the same time be
Government sponsored is all now history to the extent that one needs to have an
average of say B’s not to be sure of Government sponsorship, a situation which
is not easy given the 4 principle subjects students offer.
Government
sponsorship is political, in that Government has political capital in
sponsoring some students, however, it makes no sense if the system is wholly
abused and Government is not able to bail the country out. We know many of the rich are the beneficiary
and many poor students who are bright have to look around for funding, yet if
all paid for tuition the discrimination would be more, yet tuition could even
be lowered compared to current levels.
There is fear that if corruptly based decisions are maintained by
Government, the future of the country is a real doom. Strong decisions have to be made to get the
country back on the road, short of that, Uganda is simply finished.
Money
saved would go to infrastructure development and better learning facilities as
well as employment creation which graduates target.
8. THE DAY WHEN SMACK
RE-DISCOVERED HON. KAJURA AND DR LUBEGA
Dr
G.H.Kkolokolo (Paris/France)
Yes, as
usual in similar circumstances, the two occasions were a historical milestone that
reached us to the personality of these two very prominent Kisubi gurus, namely
Hon. Henry Kajura, a long serving Minister
and former top civil servant with the East African Community, and late Dr
Lubega, East Africa ’s first Ph D Architect.
We were
still young boys at SMACK. We had already heard of Mr H. Kajura but not to the
fully, until one day when we were listening to the 8 pm English radio news bulletin
in front of the main building, as the custom used to be at our time, and we
heard of one Mr Henry Kajura having been appointed Secretary-General of the then
powerful East African Community in Arusha. The bulletin gave us a complete
background of the distinguished individual and concluded by saying: “Mr Henry
Kajura was educated at St Mary’s College, Kisubi.”
At this
juncture there was a very solid clap of hands mingled with deafening applauses
of: “Hear! Hear! Hear!” At supper the entire conversation on every table was on
Kajura! The following day we rushed to the notice-board to read the English
daily, Uganda Argus, and the Luganda paper, Munno, and discovered a lot on our
celebrated alumnus whose picture was figuring prominently on the two dailies.
Then Kajura became a legend on his campus!
Equally
promoted
to legendary celebrity was Dr Lubega whom we got to know for the very
first
time thanks to this famous 8 pm news bulletin which qualified him as
East Africa ’s first Doctor of Architecture! Then the broadcaster
rose the amazed students to absolute
frenzy when, after having given at
length Dr Lubega’s academic background, he concluded by saying that Dr Lubega
did his secondary school studies at St
Mary’s College Kisubi. There was another uproar of those “Hear! Hear!
Hear! ” and, at table, supper was dominated not by the delicious menu
but by conversation about our celebrated alumnus who, the following day figured
also very prominently on the two dailies. And, just like for Hon Henry Kajura,
the Brothers helped us to get to know more and more about him and what he was
at SMACK. Then one day, some two months later as we were preparing to go to
class for preps after sports, we saw Rev Bro Peter Katanga taking around in the famous quadrangle a notable top-personality
individual. We greeted him as we moved on and the Brother presented him saying,:
“ This is Dr Lubega the first PhD architect in the whole of East Africa and, as
you all know, he is an OB of this college!”
Seized
with surprise and emotion, the students clapped very cheerfully and many
returned to the dormitories to inform their housemates of the presence of a
notable East African guru on the campus. And, as we eventually looked around,
we saw many heads peeping out of the windows to admire the legend whom many
others in the famous quadrangle were greeting with a slight inclination humbled
with a polite smile in respect : “Good evening, sir!” / “Good evening, Doctor!”
/ “We are very glad to see you, dear sir”/ “Thank you very much, dear sir, for
honouring us with this visit!” ETC…
Then
Lubega became a legend on his campus!
9. The Ministry of Education and
International Languages
If International Languages ever get to be not
officially authorized in secondary schools, one would wonder the intention of
this. It is clear that Government aided
schools have teachers who are not on the payroll, these are paid for by the PTA
funds, so, I don’t think it is a big wage bill that would make Government
interfere with the teaching of International languages knowing very well that
these are a pre-requisite to acquiring some jobs. One gets tempted to think that such a policy
when implemented would leave a few private operators to teach these languages
and hence would be able to make some bit of cash.
10. LC’s and Legality
We
are all aware that Lower LC’s are operating illegally. We are told that Government has no money to
fund elections. There have been
instances where some people have made a lot of noise about Constitutional
crises; however, as far as they are concerned, there seems to be no
Constitutional crisis in this case! It
is not clear for how long we are to keep on this way, however, meanwhile LC
courts are undertaking judgments; they are involved in contracts, name it. In
1986 or thereabout, it was possible to undertake elections very cheaply. For the sake of legality, given that there
are no funds as alleged, why doesn’t Government borrow from how these elections
were conducted in 1986 and at least have properly mandated people in office?
11. Reflexology Practitioners and Conventional Medicine
Practitioners
of Reflexology are convincing as many people as possible to change from
conventional medicine to Reflexology treatment.
There is need for proper guidance here.
Already there is a gentleman who was told that with reflexology
treatment he would not need the daily injections for diabetes, and this patient
nearly died. Can Government (Ministry of
Health) come out clearly on how reflexology can co-exist with conventional
medicine, and how patients on conventional treatment can be started on
reflexology treatment without worsening their health problems.
12. Go to the Search engine ….
If
you go to the Internet search engine, be it Yahoo, Google, or any other, and
you fill your name, and there are no results in your favour, then it means you
may need to do some homework. Worldwide,
someone should be able to feed your name into the search engine and get at
least one result; say your particulars or your works, name it. You can even use free facility like on
Tagged. You can take a look at my page –
Just click the link:
13. Oh God! “How many more need to die on our roads?”
Not
long ago, I went for an Introduction Ceremony of a long time friend. On our way back, I wondered whether it was
worth risking life to go for some of these functions given our drivers. To the function we had an institution driver
who was driving a new vehicle and it is until traffic police warned him about
his speed that he realized he was speeding.
On the way back, I thought changing vehicles was a better option. It wasn’t!
We came while it rained and at times I had to tell the driver to mind
our security, and by grace of God we arrived in one piece.
Recently
a bus crushed into a trailer in Lugazi and the death toll has risen to 40! I remember a time when Idi Amin banned the
trucks on roads at night. Given the
death rate on our roads, it may be better to have trucks stop traveling at
night. 40 people can not perish in
accident and we take this normal. Speed
Governors are yet to be enforced, and it is a political decision that they are
yet to be implemented. There is simply a
lot of junk vehicles including buses imported in the country as well as
used/old spare parts. After those
deaths, what happens to the dependants?
Is it any body’s concern? Can we
get serious in this country and stop having politics leading in all decisions
to be made. If vehicle owners cry about
the cost of fitting speed governors, should we scrap them and just let people
die? What ever possible ought to be done
to have safer road transport.
14. Brother Anthony Kyemwa more than a father!
I
will never forget the parental care of Brother Anthony Kyemwa former Headmaster
of St. Mary’s College Kisubi (SMC).
Kyemwa saw the school through very difficult time in the 70’s. The
school had no fence but trust the Brother, he was in control. There was insecurity in Amin’s time, but the
Brother made it to see us go for preps where teachers at times were
scared. He endured through the strikes
mostly due to food. I thank the Brother
for the parental care.
For
the students, reading was pleasure (unlike the situation now when cheating of
examinations is the norm by a number of students who don’t want to read yet
they fictitiously want to show they excel at books. For us we could even compete in
bathroom! Those students who would go
for Express (reading from midnight to 3.00am) would wake up their friends for
Oriental (reading from 3.00am to breakfast time or thereabout). Cooking water with bedsprings for heavy
coffee was normal. We were good at
summarizing for exams.
Brother
got respect from students; they could see him from a distance and would get
moving very fast to wherever they were required. The Brother gave us freedom to move around
Kisubi hill but this never compromised academic standards/excellence.
Asked about what led St. Mary’s College Kisubi to be at
the height of glory and fame it enjoys as far as academics is concerned,
Brother Kyemwa said, “ In my opinion, the aspirations of the students and staff
led to the rise of the school. There was
a strong spirit of competitiveness with other leading schools; that is Kings
College Buddo, Mt. St. Mary’s Namagunga, Namilyango to mention but a few.”
Brother Kyemwa’s message to the SMACK community if they
are to maintain the established tradition of excellence is: “Discipline should
be emphasized because it is with discipline that one can concentrate on one’s
work. There should also be a strong
school spirit among the students because this unites them in all aspects.” “When I meet former students of St. Mary’s
College Kisubi, they always thank me for having emphasized discipline.”
Brother
Kyemwa would like to be remembered as one who tried under the circumstances of
the time. He tried to keep the school
standards up and never down.
The Eagle Magazine Team Interviewed Dr.
Geofrey Onegi Obel (Old Boy of SMACK) and below is the Excerpt:
The Eagle: What do you remember most about SMACK?
Geofrey Onegi Obel: When I think about SMACK, the
first thing that comes to my mind is Brother Anthony Kyemwa.
The Eagle: Why?
Geofrey Onegi Obel: He was kind of role model to
us, a very strong figure, parental and also very nice as long as you did not
cross his way.
The Eagle Magazine team of 2004 Interviewed Dr.
Simon Kagugube and below is an Excerpt.
Dr
Simon Kagugube was at St. Mary’s College from 1970 to 1975(He is Executive
Director, Centenary Bank)
The Eagle: Any negative memories of SMACK?
Dr Simon Kagugube: No negative memories, none at
all. A few difficult times maybe. For me it was very good. I don’t have anything to regret. I have been to America for 6 years, Yale…all over;
Kisubi is the best place I have lived in period. There are no serious worries when in
SMACK. No negative memories, tough
moment’s maybe. When I was House Prefect
for Kiwanuka there was a near strike.
That was one of the most challenging moments in SMACK, not
negative. We were new prefects and there
was a near strike in the school. And
remember these were Amin’s days they could bring Military Police! As leaders we had to balance the pressure of
the students and the administration. So,
we collected all the students, had them sit in the middle of the school
buildings that is (Administration block, the Chapel, Chemistry Laboratory and
HSc Block), we then asked them to write down all their grievances. I was assigned the role of writing out these
grievances because of my good English Language.
I sat in Cubicle A ( HSc
Building ) and for the
bigger part of the night I was writing.
And, remember Brother Anthony Kyemwa (the Headmaster) was the type whose
No! was a NO! Nonetheless, we had very
good working relationship with him.
There was respect for each other.
I wrote out the students’ complaints and gave students to reproduce (I
still have the original copy in my papers).
I read it out to the students; that is before the entire school. We had to control the crowd… charisma, and I
felt like a real politician. Brother
Kyemwa insisted on reading it to the members of staff himself. The staff members came out asking why we were
so hard. However, I am very proud of
that effort.
15. Mr. J. C. Kiwanuka made 89 years
Mr.
J. C. Kiwanuka, the longest serving teacher at St. Mary’s College Kisubi
(SMACK) from 1951 – 2001 made 89 years in July.
We thank God for the gift of life he has given to our great Mathematics
encyclopedia popularly known as Manoeuvre.
He began teaching at Mary’s on October 1st 1951 making 57
years since he reported to teach at his former school. He is a graduate of Nottingham University ,
got his degree in June 1951, and was sponsored by Buganda Government.
Mr. J. C. Kiwanuka in the DP Government
As
a Minister of Education in the short lived Democratic Party Government (for
about one year), J. C says that he had the advantage of having been
President of Uganda Teachers’ Association (UTA) hence knew many problems that
existed in the profession, and following the Lawrence Commission Report
with some adjustments, their Government acted on:
1) Improving Teachers’ Salaries and Conditions
of Service;
2) They enacted the Teachers’ Pension Schemes
for all teachers;
3) Equalised salaries of male and female
teachers of the same grade, lay or religious;
4) Awarded 300 scholarships to suitable
candidates in all walks of life including tailors, shoe makers, etc;
5) Started Higher School Certificate in Girls’
Schools for example Gayaza
High School , Mt. St. Mary ’s Namagunga and Trinity College Nabingo;
6) Some schools were given initial Government
grants, for example Bishop S.S.S Mukono, Kibuli S.S.S, Christ the King Girls’
School (Kalisizo), Mary Hill Girls’ School, Lubiri S.S.S and Kiyira College
(Busoga) built by the Kyabazinga.
7) During the one year stay in Government, they
J. Cs administration enacted the Board of Governor’s Rules for Senior
Secondary schools and Teachers’ Colleges.
8) The Teachers’ Conditions of Service were
also enacted.
Manoeuvre says that when he started teaching at
SMACK, starting HSC at St. Mary’s had penetrated his mind. He talked the matter over with the Late Brother
Louis Chuonard and Brother Oscar Roger both former Headmasters of
SMACK. Fortunately, they were also very
keen on the idea. The Executive
Committee of St. Mary’s Old Boys Association (SMOBA) made an appointment with
the Late Governor Andrew Cohen to meet and discuss the matter. The Governor accepted to meet them, they
discussed the matter, and on the occasion of the School’s Celebration of the 50th
Anniversary, Sir Andrew Cohen broke the news that he had allowed the
school to start Higher School Certificate (HSC).
Sir
Andrew Cohen broke the news that St. Mary’s Old Boy’s Association (SMOBA) was
the only body that contacted him on this matter.
Mr
Kiwanuka says that he feels
very grateful to God for the venture of the HSC, which ended up a success
through the vehicle of the Old Boys. The
school now gets so many graduates from Makerere University
and other Universities.
Asked
why SMACK has always excelled, Mr Kiwanuka says, “Because of her excellent
basic foundation; spiritually, morally, academically.” He further says, “The first three Medical
Doctors in Uganda
are SMACK products (Dr Bamundaga, Dr Bamugye and Dr Baziwane). He says, “The old colonial idea that there
was hardly anybody in Uganda
that was capable of reading successfully for a degree was first smacked by a
SMACK product. He smashed the theory on
the colonialists’ own ground”.
16. SMACK’S Other Key Constituencies
Dr G. H. Kkolokolo (Paris-France)
St Mary’s
College Kisubi has always been a consistent pioneer in sending students not
only to University but also to other very important centres of high learning
specializing in key domains which are very relevant to the development of our
country and of Africa in general.
Having sent
numbers and numbers to Entebbe School of Surveyors (Katabi) during most of the British
colonial period and produced for East Africa very many wonderful land surveyors
and notable Cartographers some of whom were recruited by Universities to boost
their Geography Departments, SMACK intellectually gave weight to recruitment
into such celebrated institutions as Kyambogo Technical Institute, for diploma
engineers and technicians, Bukalasa Agricultural Institute and Arapai Agricultural Institute for our very important
agricultural sector, Mulago Medical Institute for our very badly needed
paramedical personnel, Entebbe
Veterinary Institute for our very necessary grass roots veterinarians, Kyambogo
TTC for our senior secondary school teachers, and the security forces training
schools where many of our alumni have performed so excellently well and
eventually become very wise brilliant members of the forces.
Serious-minded
graduates from these institutions have proved their very great utility
throughout our positive stage development. And SMACK is always there to share
very good points! We must really commend and praise our alumni who have passed
through these institutions for the very good name they have made for our great
college. Remember the saying: whenever and wherever there is anything positive,
constructive, progressive, educative and productive, SMACK is always present!
Yes, our
people have always been there making a very excellent name for our very much
prestigious institution, and I personally thank them for this special
contribution. It’s SMACK’s contribution!
These
alumni are an exemplary lot to us all. Very many of them have taken on advanced
further studies and have become top graduates. I can cite a few examples: Dr D.
Bafokuzara, Senior etymologist and Researcher at NARO (Kawanda), he went
through Bukalasa Agricultural Institute. Idem Dr J. Nsereko, Senior lecturer in the Faculty of
Agriculture at MUK; then two alumni, among others, from Mulago Medical Institute, one Dr Lutaaya, a London University
PhD in Pathology, and one Mr Lugomoka,
a BSc and MSc in Biochemistry. And those others who
didn’t venture into further studies have remained very faithful servants of
their country, always exemplary models to emulate and imitate! They are indeed
the core calibre of hard workers and
humble patient achievers through those genuine means that their simple
environment can offer, and this is one of the wonders of our notable St Mary’s College Kisubi, an institution that
has produced achievers in all layers of
society!
Via the
security forces SMACK has given to Uganda an admirable lot of competent
personnel in very top key positions whether in the army or in the police or
prisons services. We were the first to produce a number of Sandhurst -trained
army officers; and think of the police and the prisons services where we have
always had our people in command and at the helm and they have always been
doing very well to the point of being
strongly appreciated by the whole Ugandan society!
In order
to express our
fully-committed appreciation and
sincere gratitude to these nation- loving alumni,
I would humbly request our very intelligent and
very highly inspired far-sighted SMACK Awards Committee to look very
carefully into more of these names and prize them for
the good of our very great
nation, just as it has already been done to one of them, H. E. Ambassador
J. Tomusange, a very pragmatic diplomat
who made it to everything via the celebrated Mulago Medical Institute.
Some outstanding profiles from our forces and from our Bukalasa / Arapai / Entebbe / Kyambogo-trained
civil personnel would deserve a secondment to our SMACK Awards Committee for a special
recognition as alumni who have achieved a lot under extremely very difficult
circumstances.
17. Prof. Otiti , Uganda ’s Only Nobel Prize Winner
(The New Vision)
Born of peasant
parents, Prof. Tom Otiti has risen to great heights as a Physicist and
Researcher, and among other schools he has been at St. Mary’s College
Kisubi.
STRIKES and Makerere University are so intertwined that to
have been at the institution, whether as a student, lecturer, support staff or
an administrator, you are expected to have participated in one. Not so for Prof. Tom Otiti. The 51-year-old
don joined the university as a teaching assistant in 1985, with little to his
name. But with a profound belief that university education is
research-oriented, he got engrossed in research.
Read more by
clicking on the link below:
18. Let us not build a Katayimbwa
economy
(The Monitor)
By Joachim Buwembo ( OB SMACK)
Everyone
is saddened, shocked and unhappy with the growing use of katayimbwa (iron bar)
to kill innocent people in the early evening hours around our urban areas. It
is a senseless new trend by urban thugs to extinguish useful lives in a manner
that leaves everyone around in shock. It is also an unacceptable misuse of
steel.
More
about the story click on the link below:
19. When the petrodollar cannot save Nigerians from food insecurity
The
British coloniser robbed villages of the men who would have produced food
while, buoyed by petrodollars, the generals silenced everybody —
including farmers — into inactivity as the sector stagnated, writes Okello Oculi (An Old Boy of SMACK)
including farmers — into inactivity as the sector stagnated, writes Okello Oculi (An Old Boy of SMACK)
It has
become a cliché to blame oil wealth for the food insecurity in Nigeria . This
widely-held view ignores the destruction of the agricultural sector by the
colonial and post-1966 military dictatorships.
To appreciate the destruction brought about by British military dictatorship, politicians and officials of the Ministry of Agriculture should read doctoral theses and other researches by historians at the Ahmadu Bello University in the 1970s and 1980s.
To appreciate the destruction brought about by British military dictatorship, politicians and officials of the Ministry of Agriculture should read doctoral theses and other researches by historians at the Ahmadu Bello University in the 1970s and 1980s.
The full
story can be accessed when you click on the link:
20. UAC
Call for Proposals amazed me
Not long
ago, Uganda AIDS Commission (UAC) had call for proposals from people who were
in AIDS related activities for at least two years. However, what is most amazing is the design
for call of proposals. It is such that
one needed to be highly learned and or experienced in proposal writing to
respond to the Call for proposals. One
wonders why UAC would be party to such an arrangement knowing that there are
many simple players in AIDS activities who are on ground and unable to respond
to such a technical proposal, hence technically ruling out the right candidates
for funding!
21. Dear
Doctors, “Is AIDS; Cancer?”
We get
information from the press that so and so is down with Cancer. But as it is not unusual for some people to
know what a patient is suffering from, you get to learn from some quarters that
the patient is actually an AIDS case.
The question is, “Can Doctors who are professionals decide to call
diseases by the wrong definition?” If
Doctors really do this, then they are part of the problem of promoting AIDS
stigma!
22. Oh!
My blocked email (wkituuka@yahoo.com)
On the
morning of September 29, 2008, I woke up normally went to a café with the hope
of doing the final touches on the Morning Star Electronic – Magazine and have
it sent. I was shocked as what I thought
was my email was now blocked and no longer accessible by me! At the time I had over 460 email contacts
there. I would have collapsed, but the
good Lord gave me courage and confidence to carry on.
Given
the much information I had in my mail box, I imagine this was the worst
happening to me since the year started.
To me, the architects of this act are equivalent to murderers; given
opportunity they would have killed me! I
was shot, but by Grace of God, I am still alive.
23. De-congesting
Kampala
We are
aware every year the NRM Government has even a higher affinity of being in
power and holding on to it. This being the
case; Government MUST deliver. The poor
service delivery is completely unacceptable.
There have been calls to have buses out of Kampala , but trust politicking at the expense
of service delivery, the buses are still at large and are now killing people. There is a park in Natete where buses from
the West should be parking, but poor decision making more so politically
influenced is some evil we in Uganda
have to live with sometime as long as NRM keeps in power. There was speed
governor installation. It is not news
that this exercise was interfered with from the top and today, only God knows
the fate. One wonders for how long we
have to keep with people who make poor decisions yet they don’t want to listen
to advice no leave the stage. There has
been talk about having city service vehicles and upcountry just to de-congest
the city. It is only God who knows
whether this will ever end. Not When
UTODA helps fund some of the campaigns as was witnessed when one of their
bosses got an accident after delivering cash to the East to boast NRM
campaigns.
24. Cleaning
the Highway leaves Kajjansi in darkness
THE
October 18-23 First Tripartite Summit held at
Speke Resort Munyonyo in Kampala
where it is reported that Government spent sh2.9b to host has been bad news for
a number of business people at Kajjansi Trading Centre. Trouble it is alleged started when which
sweeping the highway around 2.00am or thereabout, one of the road equipment joined
wires (4 phase) that cross the road and power was cut off. Now, because joining the wires meant that
traffic would have to be disturbed, it was decided to leave the people without
power a condition that has prevailed up to Sunday 26! If this is not backwardness, then somebody
has to tell us what is is.
25. Moringa
- Marketing is the Problem
The way
Tea Leaves are processed should be the same Moringa (oleifera) Leaf Powder should
be processed, and at the end of the day, it should be a viable enterprise. Unfortunately, the marketing of Moringa Leaf
Powder and other Moringa products was started on a wrong premise, as the
products were over-priced, and unfortunately, those still struggling with the
business have maintained high prices hence keeping off potential buyers, yet
the products are very useful.
It is
true the Moringa plant is very useful more so in an environment where majority
of the people are poor such that medical/nutritive supplements are an expensive
option. People talk of manpower (Viagra)
and Moringa leaf powder has the ability to do the needful. Talk about women without breast milk, leaf
powder is a viable solution. What about
those without appetite, the malnourished – for all these, Moringa leaf powder
is a cheap option. The patients with
heart problems have got relief by using Moringa leaf powder.
Regarding
Vitamin A supplementation, if Uganda
ever ventured to process Moringa Leaf powder on an Industrial scale, there
would be saving on Forex currently used to import vitamin A supplementation and
have surplus for export. It is also true
that Moringa seeds are source of very high quality cooking oil which we could
market easily out of the country given its health qualities. Secondly, the oil if mixed with say honey, it
is medicinal and can help with wounds in the digestive system.
The Leaf
concentrate from Moringa is very useful as it is medicinal. Leaves can also used as pesticide, while the
seeds are known to purify water however dirty it may be. So, given the potential of Moringa oleifera,
it makes a lot of sense for Government to get interested in harnessing this
potential.
26. KIWANUKA’s FIRST HOUSE
PREFECT BEREAVED!
Dr G.H.Kkolokolo (Paris-France)
The first
House Prefect of Kiwanuka House, the very famous Mr Joseph S. K. Bemba Matovu
(88), strongly associated with Uganda’s National St Jude’s League, is now a
pitiful widower following the death of his very dear one Mrs Paulina Nnamirembe
Matovu, who passed away after loyally being a very faithful wife for sixty
years and was triumphantly buried at their home in Kawanda, just a kilometre
away from the famous NARO Centre.
The
deceased was a hardworking lady and was always very entertaining. The home used
to receive many SMACK Alumni and they all got away impressed by Paulina’s very
much welcoming warmth.
The
couple had ten children, and the six sons, all successful, were educated by the
Brothers of Christian Instruction at Lubaga, Kasasa and the Caltec Academy . As Mr Matovu’s very close relative, I
strongly console him and his children by pointing to them the very infinite
testimonies of sympathy the family received from all kinds of people including
especially from SMACK alumni who turned up in abundant numbers for the funeral.
SMACK really means solidarity, brotherhood
and fraternal co-operation whether in joy or in
sorrow!
Mr
Matovu, formerly a top senior civil servant and later a successful entrepreneur
in Kampala, is a very well known figure everywhere and he was one of the most
impressive OBs during our Centennial celebrations when he led the 1936 – 1945
Group in the parade. And he was very well received in the OBs’ Pavillion where
he had a chance to embrace greetings from his contemporaries like Prof J.C.
Kiwanuka, Mr Basil Kiwanuka, and from virtually all Kiwanuka House alumni.
At SMACK
Mr Matovu was a great athlete, debater, member of the cadet corps, class
prefect, mass server, etc.. He was elected Prefect of Kiwanuka House in 1939
when the great legendary African churchman was appointed the first African Catholic
Bishop in Modern Times and a House had to be named after him in order to permanently
commemorate his memory at SMACK. And it is interesting to learn that it was
this prelate, then known as Père Yozefu Kiwanuka, who strongly recommended Mr
Matovu for admission into St Henry’s Kitovu for his Junior
Secondary School education from where
he joined SMACK for his Senior
Secondary School studies.
Among his teachers, Mr Matovu had Rev Brothers Eugene, Columbus, Maurice, and
James Arsenault. He studied many things at SMACK including Swahili, a language
which was very essential for him wherever he was posted after completing his
course in public administration at Makerere.
One of
his most memorable occasions while at SMACK was the handing of the specially silver plated key to
the Protectorate Governor to officially declare open the present Biology
Laboratory which at that time had been confided to Kiwanuka House for cleaning
and proper tidying up.
Among his
contemporaries at SMACK one can count such luminaries as Rev Bro Aidan
Mulabannaku, Prof J. C. Kiwanuka, Prof S. K. Kyalwazi, Prof F. Bulwa, Hon F..
Onama, Mr Basil Kiwanuka, Mr J. Mulindwa (ex-Director Uganda Posts and Telecommunications),
Mr Tamale-Ssali (Geologist and ex-Director of Uganda Geological Survey), Mr
Herman Kibuuka (coffee industry magnate), Mr Joseph Magoba, Mr Sebastian Nsubuga,
and one notable Mr Isoke etc..
May the Good Lord continue to console and
comfort Mr Matovu and give eternal rest to his deceased spouse who loyally accompanied
him in all trials, sorrows, joys and
successes!
27. Football in Germany
Players, Clubs, Facts and
Figures
The
most successful personality in German football is Franz Beckenbauer. He is the only German ever to win the World cup
both as a player (in 1974) and as a manager (in 1990).
Lothar Mathaus has played the most games for the national
side. He played for Germany
150 times.
Top
goal score both for the national side and in the Bundesliga is Gerd Muller. He scored 68 goals in 62
games for Germany .
In the Bundesliga he set a record that will surely last for ever: 40 goals in
one season (1971/72).
Karl-Heinz
Korbel played the most Bundesliga matches-602 times for Eintracht Frankfurt –
followed by Manfred Kaltz (581) and Oliver Kahn (557).
The
most successful Bundesliga club is Bayern
Munich with 20 leagues championships-followed by Borussia Monchegladbach (5) and Werder Bremen (4)
Bayern Munich also heads the eternal Bundesliga table is Tasmania Berlin in 49th
place. The team won only 10 points in 1965/66 season. Nuremberg
has been relegated more often than any other side-this year was the seventh
time. Arminia Bielefeld has been
promoted most often-also seven times.
The
biggest earners of sponsorship revenue are Bayern
Munich (Deutsche Telekom) and Schalke
04 (Gazprom) with about 20 million euros a year each; they are followed by
the factory clubs from Leverkusen (Bayer) and Wolfsburg (Volkewagen).
The
proportion of foreigners playing on
the first day of the first Bundesliga season was 2.2%. today the figure is are
often over 40%. The first time a German side with only foreign players in their
starting line-up took the field was on 6th April 2001: it was
Energie Cottbus in the match against Wolfsvburg.
The
most expensive transfer in the
Bundesliga were those of Franck Ribery (France), who moved to Bayern Munich in
2007 for 25 million euros, and Marcio Amoroso (Brazil), who went to Borussia
Dortmund for the same amount in 2001.
First
foreign player to be top score was the Norwegian Jorn Anderson with 18 goals in the 1989/90 season.
Ailton ( Brazil ) was the
first foreigner to be elected Footballer
of the year in Germany
in the 2003/04 season.
28. Bibiana Steinhaus first female referee.
Bibiana
Steinhaus is the first female referee in men’s professional football. The
29-year-old policewoman celebrated her debut in September 2007 at the second –
division game between Paderborn
and Hoffenheim. Her performance was confident, objective and vigorous when
necessary. She defused critical situations with a smile. “Her gestures are so
clear that she doesn’t let any discussions develop,” said Hans Dieter Hermann,
after the game.
29. Major New Airport under Construction.
Berlin Brandenburg International to begin
operating in 2011
Berlin is a popular destination: 50% more
passengers between 2002 and 2006, rising numbers of international flight
connections and over 19 million passengers this year. The capital is
attractive, but it is almost unable to cope with the flood of visitor. For
historical reasons, Berlin only has two
city-centre airport, which are small by international standards, and Schonefeld Airport to the southeast to capital. The
latter is now being expanded into a large-scale airport, Berlin Brandenburg
international ( BBI ). Construction
work officially began in September 2006 and the new airport is planned to begin
operating in 2011, replacing the two city-centre airports at Tempelhof (2008)
and Tegel (2011). Berlin will then move much
closer to Germany ’s largest
airport in Frankurt and Munich .
The plans for the 2-billion-euro project envisage two parallel takeoff and
landing runways (photograph) that can be operated independently of one
another. The passenger terminal, the
so-called BBI
Airport City ,
is located in the middle and will offer an initial capacity of 22 million
passengers. If necessary, it will be possible to expand capacity to 40 million
passengers. The BBI Business
Park has been located
close to the airport to facilitate business settlement.
The
most impressive project at the moment is the construction of the underground
station. The excavated area is more than 400 metres long and 60 wide. Stability
is provided by 236 concrete pillars that reach up to 20 metres into the ground.
This is because the station will be the foundation for the passenger terminal,
whose construction will begin in summer 2008. One of Europe ’s
largest building sites can be viewed from the 32-metre BBI
info-tower (photograph). A visitor pavilion provides information about the
project.
30. Did you know that …
Ø
Berlin
which covers an area of 892 square kilometers, is nine times bigger than Paris ?
Ø
Berlin
is at the same latitude as London and the same
longitude as Naples in Italy ?
Ø
Berlin
has about 1,700 bridges – in other words, even more than Venice ?
Ø
Berlin is the only European city with ‘more
museums than rainy days?’
Ø
Berlin is the only city in the world with three
active opera houses?
Ø
Berlin’s
TV tower (368 metres) is the tallest building in Germany
and one of the tallest structures in Europe ?
Ø
Berlin
is the greenest major city in Germany ? More than 30% of the city’s territory is made
up of parks, forests, rivers, lakes and waterways?
Ø
Berlin has many culinary specialities? The main ones are the ever-popular curry
sausages, cold Bouletten (meat balls)
with mustard, green pea soup with ham, and fried liver.
Ø
Berlin has its own cake? Donuts filled with jam
are known as ‘Berliner’ – but only outside Berlin !
Ø
Berlin has its own specialty beer? ‘Berliner Weisse’ is a sparkling, dry-tasting
beer – a refreshing drink in the summer with a shot of raspberry or woodruff
syrup.
Ø
Berlin has its own vineyard? The most famous is on the Kreuzberg hill.
31. GROWING TRADE HIGHLIGHTS FOOD
SAFETY
The
growing volume of international trade in agricultural products makes the rapid
transmission of food hazards more likely-and responses more urgent. Rejected
food shipments cause considerable economic hardship and, if sold elsewhere, can
harm human health. In 1991 in Peru ,
a cholera epidemic linked to the fisheries sector led to ost export orders for
US$700 million in fish and fish products. Every year, African countries lose
US$250 million in export earnings because groundnut products fail to meet
international guidelines for the contaminant aflatoxin.
The
agreement on the application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS),
negotiated during the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations, entered
into force in 1995, SPS requires that Codex Alimentarius food safety standards
be applied, if a World Trade Organization member country requires more
stringent standards it must justify them.
The
main problem for poorer countries is the cost of meeting the standards. The
HACCP approach in particular, with its need for trained and literate operators,
can be expensive to implement. FAO has proposed a food safety and quality fund
to provide grants to the least-developed countries to strengthen their systems.
Under
a new Codex –promoted approach called “equivalence”’ which is recognized by the
SPS, countries recognize other nations inspection systems if they have broadly
the same effect. This allows lower-intensive systems instead of capital-intensive
ones.
Developed
countries also benefits. The manufacture of raw-milk cheese in Europe is accepted internally, provided on farm safety
measures are maintained. So is the New Zealand meat-inspection system,
which is government supervised but operated by private contractors.
32. Biotechnology and food security
Appropriate
use of biotechnology offers considerable potential to improve food security.. A
number of these technologies, such as tissue culture and molecular makers, are
already being used safety to speed up conventional plant breeding. But given
the potential risks of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for human health
and the environment, caution is needed in introducing them. And with the
development of biotechnology largely in the hands of commercial interests,
efforts must be made to spread its benefits to small –scale farmers, the poor
and the hungry.
33. WHAT IS BIOTECHNOLOGY?
According
to the 1992 convention on Biological diversity, biotechnology is “Any
technological application that uses biological systems living organisms, or
derivatives thereof, to make or modify products of processes for specific use.”
This even covers traditional techniques to make wine and cheese. However,
modern biotechnology generally means modification of living organisms (plants,
animals and fish) through the manipulation of genes.
There
are two main types of biotechnological processes. The first uses genetic
information to speed up and improve conventional plant or animal breeding. The
second (and more advanced) modifies the genetic pattern of plant or animal to
create a new organism.
Research
being conducted in the Syrian
Arab Republic
to improve cold tolerance of lentils is an example of the first, instead of
crossing varieties of lentils, then slowly growing them and testing their
performance until an improved type emerges, scientists are speeding up the
process by using market-assisted selection to identify lentil genes that are
cold –tolerant. They will then use the variety containing that gene in
conventional breeding programmes.
The
development of insects-resistant crops is an example of the second. Scientists
have genetically modified (GM) crops such as cotton and maize by inserting a
bacteria gene. The new verities produce an insect-killing toxin, thus reducing
the need for pesticides.
34. HOW CAN BIOTECHNOLOGY HELP THE HUNGRY?
Current
biotechnology can increase crop yields and reduce production costs, even for
small-scale farmers in developing countries, who make up a large part of the
world’s poor and hungry population. Even more important for such farmers, many
of whom struggle to make a living on marginal land, is ongoing research into
drought-resistant and salt-tolerant crop.
Biotechnology
can help even the landless poor by enriching staple foods, such as through the
addition of essential vitamins.
Biotechnology
developments are largely protected by patents or other forms of intellectual
property rights. One key issue is the extent to which the right of small-scale
farmers to reuse genetically engineered seeds from their harvest for the nest
planting season will be respected.
Most
biotechnology research and development is in the hands of commercial interests.
If the technology is to serve all people, the public sector needs to play a
part in its development and work to ensure fair access by the poor and hungry.
35. GENETICALLY ENGINEERED PRODUCTS: MANY UNKNOWNS
Potential benefits
- Increased nutritional value of staple food: Genes are being inserted into rice to make it produce beta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A. This experimental transgenic “golden rice” has the potential to reduce vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness and a significant factor in many child deaths.
- Reduces environment impact: Scientists are developing trees with modified cell lignin content. When used to make pulp and paper, the modified wood requires less processing with harsh chemicals.
- Increased fish yield: Researchers have modified the gene that governs growth hormones in tilapia, a farmed fish, offering the prospect of increased yield and greater availability of fish protein in local diets.
- Increased nutrient absorption by livestock: Animal feed under development will improve animals’ absorption of phosphorus. This reduces the phosphorus in animal waste, which pollutes groundwater.
- Tolerance of poor environmental conditions: Scientists are working to produce transgenic crops that are drought-resistant or salt-tolerant, allowing the crops to be grown on marginal land.
Potential risks
- Inadequate controls: Although safety regimes are being improved, control over GMO releases is not completely effective. in 2000, for example, a maize verity cleared only for animal consumption was found in food product cleared only for animal consumption was found in food products.
- Transfer of allergens. Allergens can be transferred inadvertently from an existing to a target organism and new allergens can be created. For example, when a Brazil nut gene was transferred to soybean, tests found that a known allergen had also been transferred. However, the danger was detected in testing and the soybean was not released.
- Unpredictability: GM crops may have unforeseen effects on farming systems for example, by taking more resources from the soil, or using more water than normal crops.
- Undesired gene movement: Genes brought into a species artificially may cross accidentally to an unintended species. For example, resistance to herbicide could spread from a GM crop into weeds, which could then become herbicide-resistant themselves,
- Environmental Hazards: GM fish might alter the composition of natural fish populations if they escape into the wild. For example, fish that have been genetically modified to eat more in order to grow faster might invade new territories and displace native fish populations.
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